First-in-the-nation reports on chemicals in kids’ products

Recently, my niece and nephew stopped by a neighborhood street fair.  There was the usual fare but most fun, as far as the kids were concerned, was the face painting.  My niece opted for a pink kitty face.  My five year old nephew went for the zombie (of course).  As they say, it’s all fun and games until someone gets hurt.  After removing the face paint with “hypoallergenic” eye makeup remover wipes his eyes began to swell shut.  He went from this:

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to this:

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Was it the paint or the wipes that caused this allergic reaction?  We don’t know but it certainly made me wonder what chemicals are in the products we deem “hypoallergenic” or “safe for use on children”.  Consumers should know when chemicals of concern are in products so that we can make informed choices and so that we can demand better, safer products.  Which brings us to an important law that is beginning to be implemented in the state of Washington.

As mandated by the 2008 Children’s Safe Products Act, retailers in Washington State have begun to report the presence of toxic chemicals in products designed for children. The Washington Toxics Coalition has analyzed the reports in Chemicals Revealed: 5,000 Kids’ Products Contain Toxic Chemicals and found that makers of kids’ products reported using 41 chemicals of concern for children’s health, including cancer-causing metals, hormone-disrupting phthalates, solvents, and toxic flame retardant chemicals, specifically Deca, Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA), and pentachlorobenzene.  For example, TBBPA was found in Graco car and booster seats, play pens, baby swings, and baby carriers.  Baby carriers do not present a fire hazard and are not required to meet Technical Bulletin 117.  This use of flame retardants is entirely unnecessary (http://www.bhfti.ca.gov/industry/juvenile_exemp.pdf).

Major retailers who reported using the chemicals in their products include Walmart, Gap, Gymboree, Hallmark, H & M, and Claire’s.  While their compliance with the reporting requirements exhibits transparency and responsibility, we hope they will use this opportunity to move away from use of toxic chemicals, especially where they are not needed or safer alternatives exist.

Products reported include children’s clothing, footwear, toys, bedding, furniture, and baby products. Children may be exposed when they put items in their mouths or products are used on their skin, or when the chemicals escape into indoor air or house dust.  Thousands of children’s products currently contain dangerous chemicals underscoring the need for stronger regulation at the state and national level.

What should happen now?

  • Visit www.mindthestore.org a campaign whose goal is to move retailers to stop selling products containing toxic chemicals.
  • More states should follow Washington’s lead by passing reporting requirement laws.  Visit Safer States to find out what is happening in your state.
  • Tell your legislator to pass the Safe Chemicals Act.
Posted in Children, Health, Parents, Policy, Take Action | Comments Off

PBS To The Contrary – Arlene Blum and flame retardants

On Saturday April 20 and Sunday April 21, Green Science Policy Institute Executive Director, Dr. Arlene Blum will be interviewed on PBS To The Contrary.  In the bay area, “Arlene Blum and Flame Retardants” will air on KQED World at 10:30 a.m. on April 20, and at 1:30 p.m. on April 21. It also airs on KRCB on April 20 at 11:30 a.m. Check your local listings.

Watch segment here. (Starts at 11:21)

Posted in Health, Press, Science | Comments Off

Environmental injustice

Vulnerable communities bear higher burdens of flame retardants

empty swingsetA recent study of Mexican-American children in California found that those who live in areas with little access to safe outdoor play spaces tend to have higher levels of the toxic flame retardant chemicals known as PBDEs in their blood. The study, conducted by researchers from the Center for Environmental Research and Children’s Health and the University of California, Berkeley, suggests that children who spend more time indoors may have higher exposures to household dust containing flame retardants. Flame retardant chemicals enter our bodies primarily by hand to mouth contact with contaminated dust, as the chemicals continuously migrate from products and settle into dust.

Learn more about flame retardants as an environmental justice issue

Thanks to a grant from The San Francisco Foundation, Green Science Policy Institute has produced a tool-kit for environmental justice groups interested in learning more about about flame retardants, reducing exposure, and policy changes to reduce toxics. 
brochure cover
 The kit provides more in-depth information on the disproportionate burden of flame retardant chemicals in low income communities, how to reduce home exposures, and how to support policy change that will address the root causes of the flame retardant and toxic chemical problem:

The UC Berkeley study is the most recent in a growing body of data showing higher concentrations of flame retardants in vulnerable populations, including workers, low-income and people of color, especially children in California. This may be due to a number of factors including:

  • Homes with older furniture containing banned flame retardants
  • Smaller homes with poorer ventilation
  • Residential activity patterns, physical and social characteristics of communities
  • Occupational exposure of workers in professions such as:
    • Chemical manufacturing
    • Manufacturing and recycling of products containing flame retardants
    • Construction, computer technicians, carpet installers and others who intensively handle products containing flame retardants
    • Community locations near industrial and contaminated sites

We need to work together for policy change to impact this problem

A recent study of diverse low-income pregnant women in New York revealed lower levels of PBDEs than previously found. The authors suggested that policy changes restricting the manufacture, sale and use of PBDEs have helped contribute to lower levels in this population.

Together, we can achieve policy change that will help to address this issue – learn more about what you can do on our Take Action page.

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Read more about flame retardants’ impact on low-income communities of color and how California’s new proposed furniture flammability standard, TB117-2013, will benefit both health and fire safety in Environmental Health News.

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California’s proposed furniture standard: What you need to know

Proposed regulation is a win-win-win for fire safety, health and environment

Usually people aren’t eagerly awaiting the arrival of new furniture flammability standards, but the announcement of February 8, 2013 has been 38 years in the making. Today, the California Bureau of Home Furnishings and Thermal Insulation unveiled its new proposed regulation for upholstered furniture, TB117-2013. Here’s the rundown on what you need to know.

What is TB117-2013?

TB117-2013 is a new regulation proposed on the flammability of upholstered furniture. It is meant to replace the obsolete 1975 standard, Technical Bulletin 117, which leads to the addition of harmful flame retardant chemicals in the foam of furniture and baby products.

How is TB117-2013 better than the old standard?

TB117-2013 takes a commonsense approach to protecting public health and safety by addressing how and where fires start in the real world. Fires start on fabric, and cigarettes are the leading cause of furniture fires. TB117-2013 requires a smolder test for fabric, which was absent from the old standard. And flame retardant chemicals are not needed in order to meet TB117-2013! This means improved fire safety without toxic chemicals.

When does TB117-2013 go into effect, and will I then be able to buy flame-retardant free furniture?

The timeline is adoption this year, with full compliance from furniture manufacturers by July 1, 2014.  It may be possible to buy flame-retardant free furniture once the regulation is implemented, which will be in the fall if all goes well.

Is there anything I can do help?

Yes! You can submit comments in support of TB117-2013 by email or snail mail: Visit our Support TB117-2013 page

 Read more in the Chicago Tribune and Sacramento Bee

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CNN’s Dr. Sanjay Gupta investigates flame retardants

CNN Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta reports on the possible health risks of flame retardant chemicals. Highlights include interviews with Arlene Blum and Andrew McGuire.

Posted in Fire Science, Flame Retardant Industry, Health, Press | Comments Off

Are we going from bad to worse?

New study shows that replacement chemicals for banned flame retardants are not proven safe

A number of halogenated flame retardants are no longer manufactured or used because they present a hazard to human and environmental health. In some cases, non-halogenated chemicals promoted as safer alternatives are used as replacements. But according to a new study, the non-halogenated alternatives may not be much of an improvement.

The study considered 13 non-halogenated chemicals of the following types:

  • Inorganic (6)
  • Organophosphorus (5)
  • Nitrogen-based (1)
  • Intumescent system (1)

The authors evaluated available data on three widely accepted criteria used to judge if a chemical is safe: Persistence in the environment, ability to Bioaccumulate (build up in animals), and Toxicity. These are known as the PBT criteria.

Only one of the chemicals, the organophosphorus compound triphenyl phosphate (TPP), had enough studies to draw conclusions and the news isn’t good. TPP is persistent, bioaccumulative, and toxic. It’s been found in air, water, soil, and animals and its breakdown product has been detected in human urine. It is labeled “dangerous to the environment” by the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) due to its aquatic toxicity.

TPP is one of the ingredients in Firemaster 550, a new flame retardant mixture whose use has increased greatly since 2005. Exposure to Firemaster 550 was linked to obesity and anxiety in one study on rats.

The devil you know for the one you don’t

All of the other chemicals are so poorly studied that the authors couldn’t draw definite conclusions. On the bright side, several of the inorganic compounds appeared promising as safer replacements. In contrast, all of the organophosphorous compounds warrant concern based on the known data. Indeed, the U.S. National Toxicology Program currently has a number of chemicals in this class under study due to their structural similarities to known toxicants and the high risk of exposure to children.

Unfortunately, many of these replacement chemicals are in widespread use, despite the known toxicity in the case of TPP and the large data gaps in safety information for the others. This study highlights the problems with our current system of chemical regulation that allows substitution of one harmful chemical with another, without demonstration that the replacement is better.

 

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GSP responds to ACC statement

The American Chemistry Council (ACC) is a trade organization which represents numerous companies including Albemarle, Chemtura, and ICL North America, the three largest manufacturers of halogenated flame retardants. According to their website, the ACC’s mission is to:

“…deliver business value through exceptional advocacy using best-in-class member performance, political engagement, communications and scientific research.”

In response to our recent study revealing that 85% of couches tested contained toxic or potentially harmful flame retardants, the ACC made the following statements, which we have responded to below.  (Read our blog post about the couch study here.)

Our study found that 41% of couches contained chlorinated Tris (TDCPP), the cancer-causing chemical removed from baby pajamas in the 70′s.

Anne Kolton of the ACC responded on CBS This Morning:

TDCPP was removed from children’s pajamas by industry voluntarily in response to consumer concern and consumer demand in an abundance of caution. There was no regulatory finding or scientific finding related to TDCPP.

Our response: There were scientific findings on TDCPP which prompted its removal from children’s pajamas, referenced in our paper. Research by Dr. Blum published in the journal Science May 19, 1978 found that TDCPP is a mutagen (it changes DNA). You can read the abstract of the paper in PubMed here or download the paper here.

A written statement from the ACC:

This study confirms what we would expect to find: Furniture manufacturers use flame retardants to meet established fire safety standards, which help save lives. There is no data in this study that indicate that the levels of flame retardants found would cause any human health problems.

Our response: We specifically reference data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CSPC) indicating that people may be exposed to unsafe levels of TDCPP from furniture: “Our current study suggests that…a large percentage of the population may have increased cancer risks due to exposure to TDCPP treated furniture, according to the CPSC model. (pg. 13438)” You can find that CPSC report here.

The ACC statement continues:

Statistics show that home fires from open flame ignition sources are still a significant problem.

Our response: Our paper is concerned with flame retardants as used in residential furniture foam. According to a recent report from the National Fire Protection Association, smoking materials continue to be the leading cause of furniture fires, causing on average 291 deaths per year in the US (Table 17, pg. 35). In contrast, there were on average 57 deaths per year from unintentional fires started by a small open flame ignition source (candles, lighters or matches) on upholstered furniture (Table 22, pg. 38). This data identifies smoking materials as the more significant problem.

Flame retardants can be an effective way to meet fire safety standards, and are designed to prevent fires from starting and if a fire does occur, slow its spread and provide valuable escape time.

Our response: We are focused on flame retardants as used in residential furniture foam. Both the CPSC and Underwriter’s Laboratories find that flame retardants as used in the foam of residential upholstered furniture do not provide a meaningful fire safety benefit. In a recent report, CPSC studied whether flame retardants in furniture foam  reduced fire hazard and found that “…the fire-retardant foams did not offer a practically significantly greater level of open- flame safety than did the untreated foams. (pg. 26)”

Indeed, one recent analysis, using data from a National Institute of Justice arson study, showed flame retardants in upholstered furniture can provide valuable escape time.

Our response: An investigation by the Chicago Tribune casts serious doubt on the cited study. The Tribune found that this study is not peer-reviewed and based its conclusions on one piece of dubious data that was thrown out of the original National Institute of Justice arson study. Furthermore, the fabric tested is not used on furniture– it came from theatrical curtains that are designed to self-extinguish in the case of a fire. These numerous flaws led the Tribune to conclude that “…the new paper reaches unsupported conclusions and misleads the public, much like previous studies embraced by industry…”.

We are disappointed that the ACC did not read our study and its references more carefully before responding.

 

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Your support made our 2012 successes possible!

Thank you to our supporters who have helped us protect human health and the global environment from harmful chemicals in 2012.

Some of our accomplishments this year:

couch with skull and crossbones

Our study showing toxic flame retardants in 85% of studied couches will help support regulatory change to increase fire safety without harmful chemicals.

Read more on the Scientific American blog.

 

Our paper “Flame retardants in building insulation: a case for re-evaluating building codes” launched the Safer Insulation Solution project to reduce toxic flame retardants in buildings while maintaining fire safety.

Our work has come to the attention of a broader audience thanks to the New York Times Magazine feature on executive director Arlene Blum and other media coverage.

 

Working with NGOs and scientists worldwide, we succeeded in stopping an international IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) standard, promoted by the chemical industry for the last decade, which would have required unnecessary flame retardants in  all the world’s TV cases.

 

 

Following our participatory workshop, the trade group for the business furniture industry issued a position paper in support of the “Elimination of Fire Retardant Chemicals in Office Furniture Products.”

 

 

We look forward to creating a safer, healthier 2013 with your continued support!

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Does my furniture contain flame retardants?

Question of the week

Does my furniture contain flame retardants?

How can you tell if a product contains flame retardants?

The unsatisfactory answer is that the only way to know for sure is to test the foam by analytical chemistry methods, but we are not aware of such testing that would be available for consumers. There are currently no laws which require manufacturers to inform consumers about the presence of flame retardants.

You can answer the questions in the flow chart below to learn if your furniture is likely to contain flame retardants or not.

Does my furniture have flame retardants?

Read more in our frequently asked questions.

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NBC Nightly News: Sofas May Contain Harmful Chemicals

Last night NBC Nightly News did a story on our recent study which found potentially harmful flame retardants in 85% of the couches we tested.

NBC interviewed Dr. Blum about how flame retardants escape from couches and end up in people.

Visit NBCNews.com for breaking news, world news, and news about the economy

The American Chemistry Council (ACC), which represents companies that manufacture flame retardant chemicals, has responded to press coverage of our couch study with a statement that includes the following:

There is no data in this study that indicate that the levels of flame retardants found would cause any human health problems.

However, in our study we specifically reference data from the Consumer Product Safety Commission (CSPC) indicating that people may be exposed to unsafe levels of the cancer-causing flame retardant chlorinated Tris (TDCPP) from furniture:

Our current study suggests that approximately 50% of the residential couches in use by average Americans are treated with TDCPP, indicating that a large percentage of the population may have increased cancer risks due to exposure to TDCPP treated furniture, according to the CPSC model.

You can find that CPSC report here.

You can read more about the couch study in our recent blog post.

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